Cras rural: lugar de efetivação da política de assistência social : estudo sobre o acesso à política de assistência social por famílias assentadas

摘要

The process of redemocratization of the Brazilian State had as its milestone the elaboration of the Federal Constitution of 1988. Through it, it was possible to guarantee, by law, social policies such as the right of citizenship which is made feasible by public social policies. In this way, the Social Assistance – in the past conceived as a favor, donation, “no politics” – assumes the status of public policy and shall integrate the Social Security System, along with the Health and Welfare ones. This dissertation is meant to socialize the study carried out about the National Social Welfare Policy (PNAS), especially in the process of implementing the Single System of Social Assistance (SUAS) and its interface with other policies in the implementation of the Social Assistance as a public policy of social protection. Based on the programs, services, projects and benefits offered in the Social Assistance Reference Center (CRAS), in the case under consideration, the Rural CRAS, it was intended to identify the bounds, possibilities and progress in implementing such policy. This research had as public priority settled families, practitioners and managers of Social Assistance Policy in the city of Viamão/RS. The locus of the research was a rural settlement from a process of social organization through the participation of the Rural Landless Workers Movement (MST). The general objective was to find out how the families of landless farmers settled in the city of Viamão/RS are included by the Social Assistance Policy in order to contribute to the enhancement of this process. It is a quanti-qualitative research, guided by the referential of historical dialectical materialism which comprises three key categories: historicity, contradiction and totality. The work has also dealt with explanatory categories of reality such as the Social Movement, Family and Social Assistance Policy. The work methodology attended to the techniques of desk research; individual interview; oral history; focus group; and content analysis. The work is divided into introduction, three developing chapters, and final considerations. The starting point is the analysis about the Brazilian agrarian issue that, historically, has been marked by the concentration of land and income as well as by the struggle of the social movements to ensure the rights of the poor to the land. It is done a historical analysis about the ways of family constitution and the transformations in family space. After that, it was prioritized the reflection on the National Social Welfare Policy (PNAS) and on the Single System of Social Assistance (SUAS) based on the principles and guidelines which govern them. The trajectory of Social Assistance in Viamão is highlighted from the correspondence with the model proclaimed in the Organic Law on Social Assistance (LOAS) and the implementation of CRAS in the municipality. Lastly, the results of the research are presented, in summary, they highlight two key issues: 1) The integration and inclusion of settlers in the Assistance Policy are presented as a challenge to the extent that information and structural conditions are missing to enable access such benefits, besides the conception by the settled families of the Social Assistance Policy as a social right. 2) The effort of professionals and managers of Social Assistance in dealing with social policies in the perspective of inclusion and integration of users in the midst of problems related to lack of economic resources, infrastructure and insufficient number of professionals at work.