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Environmental impact and sedimentary structures of mud volcanoes in southeast of the Caspian Sea basin, Golestan Province, Iran

机译:伊朗哥里斯坦省里海盆地东南部泥火山的环境影响和沉积结构

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摘要

Mud volcanoes are defined as main elements of geological structures and ways through and within which buried argillaceous loose sediments and lithified rocks. The Gharniaregh Tappeh and Naftelijeh mud volcanoes are the most attractive geomorphological phenomena in continental which appear along the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea. The Naftelijeh mud volcano is more active than Gharniaregh–Tappeh, while the latter is saltier than the former, indicating its proximity to salt domes. The ejected materials from these mud volcanoes are often comprised slurry of fine solids silt and clay suspended in liquids, which may include water (frequently acidic or salty) and hydrocarbon fluids. The most part of the gases released are methane. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen are also emitted but in much lesser quantities. The complicated morphology of the volcanoes can be rough terrain, cone-shaped and buildings mentioned columnar shape. The morphology of the effects can be uneven terrain such as hills and buildings used in the column. Emissions caused significant environmental impact, including the loss of plants and vegetation destruction is quite evident in the region. Like all other natural phenomena, mud volcanism phenomenon can affect the environment both positively and negatively, which is discussed here. Catastrophic reduction of Paleo - Caspian size combined with the increasing scale of mud volcanic activity caused the oversaturation and intoxication of water by methane leading to the mass extinction of mollusks, fishes and other groups of sea inhabitants.
机译:泥火山被定义为地质构造的主要元素,以及通过其埋没的泥质疏松沉积物和石化岩石的方式。 Gharniaregh Tappeh和Naftelijeh泥火山是大陆最吸引人的地貌现象,出现在里海东部沿海地区。 Naftelijeh泥火山比Gharniaregh-Tappeh火山更活泼,而后者比前者更咸,表明它靠近盐丘。从这些泥火山喷出的物质通常包括悬浮在液体中的细固体淤泥和黏土的浆液,其中可能包括水(通常是酸性或咸性)和烃类流体。释放的大部分气体是甲烷。二氧化碳和氮气也被排放,但数量要少得多。火山的复杂形态可以是崎rough的地形,圆锥形和提到的圆柱状建筑物。效果的形态可能是不平坦的地形,例如柱子中使用的丘陵和建筑物。排放造成了严重的环境影响,包括该地区植物的损失和植被的破坏。像所有其他自然现象一样,泥火山现象可以对环境产生积极和消极的影响,下面将对此进行讨论。古里海地区灾难性的减少以及泥火山活动规模的扩大导致甲烷的过饱和和中毒,甲烷导致软体动物,鱼类和其他海洋生物的大规模灭绝。

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    Ranjbaran M.; Sotohian F.;

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  • 年度 2015
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