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The phytochelatin transporters AtABCC1 and AtABCC2 mediate tolerance to cadmium and mercury

机译:植物螯合蛋白转运蛋白AtABCC1和AtABCC2介导对镉和汞的耐受性

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摘要

Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) are toxic pollutants that are detrimental to living organisms. Plants employ a two-step mechanism to detoxify toxic ions. First, phytochelatins bind to the toxic ion, and then the metal-phytochelatin complex is sequestered in the vacuole. Two ABCC-type transporters, AtABCC1 and AtABCC2, that play a key role in arsenic detoxification, have recently been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, it is unclear whether these transporters are also implicated in phytochelatin-dependent detoxification of other heavy metals such as Cd(II) and Hg(II). Here, we show that atabcc1 single or atabcc1 atabcc2 double knockout mutants exhibit a hypersensitive phenotype in the presence of Cd(II) and Hg(II). Microscopic analysis using a Cd-sensitive probe revealed that Cd is mostly located in the cytosol of protoplasts of the double mutant, whereas it occurs mainly in the vacuole of wild-type cells. This suggests that the two ABCC transporters are important for vacuolar sequestration of Cd. Heterologous expression of the transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae confirmed their role in heavy metal tolerance. Over-expression of AtABCC1 in Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced Cd(II) tolerance and accumulation. Together, these results demonstrate that AtABCC1 and AtABCC2 are important vacuolar transporters that confer tolerance to cadmium and mercury, in addition to their role in arsenic detoxification. These transporters provide useful tools for genetic engineering of plants with enhanced metal tolerance and accumulation, which are desirable characteristics for phytoremediation.
机译:镉(Cd)和汞(Hg)等重金属是对生物体有害的有毒污染物。植物采用两步机制来解毒有毒离子。首先,植物螯合螯合素与毒性离子结合,然后将金属-植物螯合螯合剂螯合在液泡中。最近在拟南芥中发现了两种在砷解毒中起关键作用的ABCC型转运蛋白AtABCC1和AtABCC2。但是,尚不清楚这些转运蛋白是否也与其他重金属如Cd(II)和Hg(II)的植物螯合素依赖性排毒有关。在这里,我们显示atabcc1单或atabcc1 atabcc2双敲除突变体在Cd(II)和Hg(II)存在下表现出超敏表型。使用镉敏感探针的显微镜分析显示,镉主要位于双突变体原生质体的胞质溶胶中,而镉主要存在于野生型细胞的液泡中。这表明两个ABCC转运蛋白对于液泡螯合Cd非常重要。酿酒酵母中转运蛋白的异源表达证实了它们在重金属耐受性中的作用。 AtABCC1在拟南芥中的过表达导致增强的Cd(II)耐受性和积累。总之,这些结果表明,AtABCC1和AtABCC2是重要的液泡转运蛋白,除了具有砷解毒作用外,还具有对镉和汞的耐受性。这些转运蛋白为植物的遗传工程提供了有用的工具,具有增强的金属耐受性和积累性,这是植物修复的理想特性。

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