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K2 Discovers a Busy Bee: An Unusual Transiting Neptune Found in the Beehive Cluster

机译:K2发现了一只忙碌的蜜蜂:在蜂巢星系中发现了一个异常的过境海王星

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摘要

Open clusters have been the focus of several exoplanet surveys, but only a few planets have so far been discovered. The Kepler spacecraft revealed an abundance of small planets around small cool stars, therefore, such cluster members are prime targets for exoplanet transit searches. Kepler's new mission, K2, is targeting several open clusters and star-forming regions around the ecliptic to search for transiting planets around their low-mass constituents. Here, we report the discovery of the first transiting planet in the intermediate-age (800 Myr) Beehive cluster (Praesepe). K2-95 is a faint (K_p = 15.5 mag) M3.0 ± 0.5 dwarf from K2's Campaign 5 with an effective temperature of 3471 ± 124 K, approximately solar metallicity and a radius of 0.402 ± 0.050 R⊙. We detected a transiting planet with a radius of 3.47^(+0.78)_(-0.53) R⊕ and an orbital period of 10.134 days. We combined photometry, medium/high-resolution spectroscopy, adaptive optics/speckle imaging, and archival survey images to rule out any false-positive detection scenarios, validate the planet, and further characterize the system. The planet's radius is very unusual as M-dwarf field stars rarely have Neptune-sized transiting planets. The comparatively large radius of K2-95b is consistent with the other recently discovered cluster planets K2-25b (Hyades) and K2-33b (Upper Scorpius), indicating systematic differences in their evolutionary states or formation. These discoveries from K2 provide a snapshot of planet formation and evolution in cluster environments and thus make excellent laboratories to test differences between field-star and cluster planet populations.
机译:疏散星团一直是几项系外行星调查的重点,但迄今为止仅发现了几颗行星。开普勒航天器显示出许多围绕小冷恒星的小行星,因此,此类星团成员是系外行星过境搜索的主要目标。开普勒(Kepler)的新任务K2瞄准黄道附近的几个疏散星团和恒星形成区域,以搜索低质量成分周围的过渡行星。在这里,我们报告在中年(800 Myr)蜂巢星团(Praesepe)中发现了第一个过渡行星。 K2-95是K2战役5产生的微弱(K_p = 15.5 mag)M3.0±0.5矮度,有效温度为3471±124 K,近似于太阳金属性,半径为0.402±0.050R⊙。我们检测到了一个过渡行星,其半径为3.47 ^(+ 0.78)_(-0.53)R⊕,轨道周期为10.134天。我们结合了测光法,中/高分辨率光谱学,自适应光学/斑点成像和档案调查图像,以排除任何假阳性检测情况,验证行星并进一步表征系统。行星的半径非常不寻常,因为M矮星的野外恒星很少具有海王星大小的过渡行星。 K2-95b的相对较大的半径与最近发现的其他星团行星K2-25b(Hyades)和K2-33b(上天蝎座)一致,表明它们的进化状态或形成有系统的差异。来自K2的这些发现提供了星团环境中行星形成和演化的快照,因此成为测试野外恒星和星团行星人口之间差异的出色实验室。

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