Adaptive sparsest narrow-band decomposition (ASNBD) method is proposed based on matching pursuit (MP) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD). ASNBD obtains the local narrow-band (LNB) components during the optimization process. Firstly, an optimal filter is designed. The parameter vector in the filter is obtained during optimization. The optimized objective function is a regulated singular local linear operator so that each obtained component is limited to be a LNB signal. Afterward, a component is generated by filtering the original signal with the optimized filter. Compared with MP, ASNBD is superior in both the physical meaning and the adaptivity. Drawbacks in EMD such as end effect and mode mixing are reduced in the proposed method because the application of interpolation function is not required. To achieve the fault diagnosis of roller bearings, raw signals are decomposed by ASNBD at first. Then, appropriate features of the decomposed results are chosen by applying distance evaluation technique (DET). Afterward, different faults are recognized by utilizing maximum margin classification based on flexible convex hulls (MMC-FCH). Comparisons between EMD and ASNBD show that the proposed method performs better in the antinoise performance, accuracy, orthogonality, and extracting the fault features of roller bearings.
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