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Nanostructured Metal Electrodes for Wool Processing and Electroanalysis

机译:用于羊毛加工和电分析的纳米结构金属电极

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摘要

The research presented in this thesis firstly concerns the use of electrochemical techniques to develop approaches to wool processing which have a lower impact on the environment than conventional chemical methods. Wool is a sulfur rich substrate and current methods used in wool processing often rely on sulfur-based reducing agents such as metabisulfite. However, due to increasing concern over the environmental impacts of metabisulfite, alternative methods are of interest. Electrochemical techniques have been applied to the process of wool setting in the presence of thiol setting agents. Wool disulfide bonds are reduced during this process and the thiol setting agent is converted to the disulfide. Efficient conversion of the disulfide back to the thiol setting agent would allow catalytic amounts of thiols to be used in wool setting. The electroreduction of cystine and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide has been examined at a range of metal and carbon electrodes to find efficient methods of generating the corresponding thiols, cysteine and 2-mercaptoethanol respectively. Gold and silver were identified as the most efficient electrode materials. In industrial wool processing, the use of large-scale metal electrodes is expensive and therefore, high surface area gold and silver nanoparticle electrodes were fabricated by electrochemically depositing the metals onto low-cost carbon substrates. The most efficient electrochemical system for generating the thiol setting agent involved the electroreduction of cystine at the gold nanoparticle electrode and this system was used to successfully demonstrate that wool setting can be achieved using relatively low concentrations of cysteine. Further research was carried out to investigate methods for the controlled preparation of metal nanoparticle electrodes and their utility for detecting hydrogen peroxide was examined. A simple and versatile approach for the preparation of tethered gold nanoparticle assemblies was developed by exploiting electrostatic interactions between citrate-capped gold nanoparticles and amine tether layers attached to carbon surfaces. The nanoparticle assemblies were optimised for the detection of hydrogen peroxide by selecting the size and density of electrostatically assembled nanoparticles. The number of amine functionalities on the surface and the assembly conditions controlled the nanoparticle density. Nanostructured palladium electrodes fabricated using vapour deposition methods to immobilise palladium nanoparticles directly onto carbon substrates were also examined for the electroanalysis of hydrogen peroxide.
机译:本文提出的研究首先涉及使用电化学技术开发羊毛加工方法,该方法对环境的影响比常规化学方法低。羊毛是富含硫的基质,当前羊毛加工中使用的方法通常依赖于基于硫的还原剂,例如焦亚硫酸氢盐。然而,由于对焦亚硫酸盐对环境的影响的日益关注,替代方法受到关注。电化学技术已经在硫醇定型剂的存在下应用于羊毛定型过程。在该过程中,羊毛二硫键被还原,硫醇固化剂转化为二硫键。将二硫化物有效地转化回硫醇定型剂将允许催化量的硫醇用于羊毛定型。已经在一定范围的金属和碳电极上检测了胱氨酸和2-羟乙基二硫化物的电还原,以找到分别产生相应的硫醇,半胱氨酸和2-巯基乙醇的有效方法。金和银被认为是最有效的电极材料。在工业羊毛加工中,使用大型金属电极价格昂贵,因此,通过将金属电化学沉积到低成本碳基材上来制造高表面积的金和银纳米粒子电极。用于产生硫醇固化剂的最有效的电化学系统涉及在金纳米颗粒电极上对胱氨酸的电还原,并且该系统用于成功证明可以使用相对较低浓度的半胱氨酸实现羊毛固化。进行了进一步的研究以研究可控地制备金属纳米粒子电极的方法,并检验了其在检测过氧化氢中的用途。通过利用柠檬酸盐封端的金纳米颗粒与附着在碳表面上的胺系链层之间的静电相互作用,开发了一种用于制备系链金纳米颗粒组件的简单通用的方法。通过选择静电组装的纳米粒子的大小和密度,优化了纳米粒子组件以检测过氧化氢。表面上胺官能团的数目和组装条件控制了纳米粒子的密度。还研究了使用气相沉积法将钯纳米颗粒直接固定在碳基材上的纳米结构钯电极的过氧化氢电分析。

著录项

  • 作者

    Cruickshank Amy Clare;

  • 作者单位
  • 年度 2007
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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 en
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