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Study of calcification formation and disease diagnostics utilising advanced vibrational spectroscopy

机译:利用高级振动光谱研究钙化形成和疾病诊断

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摘要

The accurate and safe diagnosis of breast cancer is a significant societal issue, with annual disease incidence of 48,000 women and around 370 men in the UK. Early diagnosis of the disease allows more conservative treatments and better patient outcomes. Microcalcifications in breast tissue are an important indicator for breast cancers, and often the only sign of their presence. Several studies have suggested that the type of calcification formed may act as a marker for malignancy and its presence may be of biological significance. In this work, breast calcifications are studied with FTIR, synchrotron FTIR, ATR FTIR, and Raman mapping to explore their disease specific composition. From a comparison between vibrational spectroscopy and routine staining procedures it becomes clear that calcium builds up prior to calcification formation. Raman and FTIR indicate the same size for calcifications and are in agreement with routine staining techniques. From the synchrotron FTIR measurements it can be proven that amide is present in the centre of the calcifications and the intensity of the bands depends on the pathology. Special attention is paid to the type of carbonate substitution in the calcifications relating to different pathology grades. In contrast to mammography, Raman spectroscopy has the capability to distinguish calcifications based on their chemical composition. The ultimate goal is to turn the acquired knowledge from the mapping studies into a clinical tool based on deep Raman spectroscopy. Deep Raman techniques have a considerable potential to reduce large numbers of normal biopsies, reduce the time delay between screening and diagnosis and therefore diminish patient anxiety. In order to achieve this, a deep Raman system is designed and after evaluation of its performance tested on buried calcification standards in porcine soft tissue and human mammary tissue. It is shown that, when the calcification is probed through tissue, the strong 960 cm-1 phosphate band can be used as a pseudo marker for carbonate substitution which is related to the pathology of the surrounding tissue. Furthermore, the first study in which human breast calcifications are measured in bulk tissue with a thickness of several millimetres to centimetres is presented. To date, measurements have been performed at 41 specimens with a thickness up to 25 mm. Measurements could be performed through skin and blue dye. The proposed deep Raman technique is promising for probing of calcifications through tissue but will need refinement before being adopted in hospitals.
机译:乳腺癌的准确和安全诊断是一个重要的社会问题,在英国,每年的疾病发病率是48,000名女性和370名男性。疾病的早​​期诊断可以提供更保守的治疗方法和更好的患者预后。乳腺组织中的微钙化是乳腺癌的重要指标,并且通常是其存在的唯一标志。几项研究表明,形成的钙化类型可能是恶性肿瘤的标志物,其存在可能具有生物学意义。在这项工作中,使用FTIR,同步加速器FTIR,ATR FTIR和拉曼作图法研究了乳房钙化,以探索其疾病特异性成分。通过振动光谱学和常规染色程序之间的比较,可以清楚地了解到钙在钙化形成之前会积聚。拉曼光谱和FTIR表示钙化的大小相同,并且与常规染色技术一致。从同步加速器FTIR测量结果可以证明,酰胺存在于钙化的中心,谱带的强度取决于病理。特别注意与不同病理等级有关的钙化中碳酸盐取代的类型。与乳腺摄影相比,拉曼光谱能够根据化学成分区分钙化。最终目标是将从制图研究中获得的知识转化为基于深拉曼光谱的临床工具。深拉曼技术具有减少大量正常活检,减少筛查和诊断之间的时间延迟,从而减少患者焦虑的巨大潜力。为了实现这一目标,设计了一个深拉曼系统,并在对猪软组织和人乳腺组织中的钙化标准进行评估后,对其性能进行了测试。结果表明,当通过组织探测钙化时,很强的960 cm-1磷酸带可以用作碳酸盐置换的假标记,这与周围组织的病理状况有关。此外,提出了第一项研究,该研究在厚度为几毫米至几厘米的块状组织中测量人的乳房钙化。迄今为止,已对厚度不超过25毫米的41个样品进行了测量。可以通过皮肤和蓝色染料进行测量。提出的深拉曼技术有望通过组织探测钙化,但在医院采用之前需要完善。

著录项

  • 作者

    Kerssens Marleen Maartje;

  • 作者单位
  • 年度 2012
  • 总页数
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 {"code":"en","name":"English","id":9}
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