Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems. Volume 1: Inventory of Models for Predictingthe Emission and Energy Benefits of IVHS Alternatives

摘要

This report has been prepared by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center(VNTSC) to provide the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) with an early look at the inventory of forecasting models VNTSC is examining under task one of its program to develop a state-of-the-art analytical framework for estimating the fuel and emissions benefits of Intelligent Vehicle/Highway Systems (IVHS) initiatives.The material in this report will be included in the final report of task one to be completed in September 1992.The work reported here includes both an inventory of models and a substantive discussion of the major models. A comparative analysis of the models will appear in the final task one report. Forecasting and estimation of fuel and emission benefits is usuallly accomplished using models of three types.The fuel and emission estimates are generated from a model or models designed for this purpose, referred to here as emission models. Emission models require as key inputs; Vehicle Miles of Travel (VMT), fleet composition, average vehicular speed and ambient temperature.Estimates or forecasts of VMT and average speed are generated by the second and/or third types of models. The second type of models are traffic engineering models which simulate or otherwise estimate speeds and vehicular flow rates.The third type of models are transportation planning models (planning models for short) which are used to make longer-term forecasts of VMT and average speed.An inventory and description of all three types of the models is presented in this report.