Cement Kiln Dust Groundwater Migration Pathway Report

摘要

Section 3001(b)(3)(A)(iii) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)211u001eexcludes cement kiln dust (CKD) from regulation under Subtitle C of RCRA, pending 211u001ecompletion of a Report to Congress and a determination by EPA either to 211u001epromulgate regulations under Subtitle C or that such regulations are unwarranted. 211u001eEPA completed its Report to Congress in December 1993 (EPA 1993a) and issued its 211u001edetermination on cement kiln dust in February 1995 (60 FR 7366). EPA's February 211u001e1995 determination concluded that additional control of CKD is warranted to 211u001eprotect the public from human health risks and to prevent environmental damages 211u001eresulting from current CKD disposal practices. Citing damages to ground water and 211u001ehealth risks from inhalation of airborne CKD and ingestion via food chain 211u001epathways, EPA determined that it will use its existing authority under the Clean 211u001eAir Act, Clean Water Act, and RCRA to address potential contaminant releases from 211u001eCKD (EPA 1995). As part of development of the proposed regulations for CKD, EPA 211u001erecognized a need to better design and operate CKD landfills. This technical 211u001ebackground document (TBD) presents an evaluation of the landfill design elements 211u001ebeing considered by EPA for inclusion in the proposed rule. This TBD is organized 211u001einto six sections. Section 1 identifies the objectives and methodology of this 211u001eTBD; Section 2 provides a justification for using fly ash landfills as a 211u001esurrogate for CKD landfills in this evaluation; Section 3 identifies the landfill 211u001edesign elements which are being evaluated and describes EPA's proposed standards 211u001efor CKD landfill design; Section 4 discusses how the coal ash landfills were 211u001eidentified for further study and describes the characteristics and enviromental 211u001esettings of the fly ash landfills selected for this study; Section 5 presents the 211u001eresults of the landfill design element analysis; and Section 6 summarizes the 211u001efindings and conclusions. A list of references cited is provided at the end of 211u001ethe report.