Challenge of Limiting Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Activities Implemented211 Jointly in Developing Countries: A Brazilian Perspective

摘要

This paper addresses, from the Brazilian perspective, the main problems with211u001eJoint Implementation/Activities Implemented Jointly (JI/AIJ) between 211u001eindustrialized (Annex I) and developing (non-Annex I) countries, as defined by 211u001ethe United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Four possible 211u001eGHG emissions abatement measures are presented for Brazil: forest protection, 211u001ereforestation projects for carbon sequestration or charcoal manufacturing, use of 211u001eethanol produced from sugar cane as a car fuel, and electrical energy 211u001econservation through an increase in end-use efficiencies. These four case studies 211u001eform the basis of a discussion regarding the validity of developing countries' 211u001econcerns about JI/AIJ. Recommendations are offered for overcoming the present 211u001eshortcomings of JI/AIJ in developing countries. The primary conclusion is that 211u001eAnnex I countries' funding of JI/AIJ projects in developing countries in return 211u001efor GHG emissions credits is not the best means to implement the UNFCCC. However, 211u001eJI/AIJ projects can be a productive means of preventing global climate change if 211u001ecombined with other measures, including GHG emissions reduction targets for all 211u001ecountries involved in JI/AIJ projects and limits on the percentage of 211u001eindustrialized countries' emissions reductions that can be met through projects 211u001ein developing countries.