Sludge Management Alternatives: What Will We Do After the 1981 Ocean Disposal Ban

摘要

Workshop topics addressed: (1) the general condition of the New York Bight Project and current sludge disposal practices; (2) the legal framework for sludge management--present requirements; (3) processing and disposal alternatives; (4) municipal sludge management--an overview of EPA policy and programs; (5) environmental and health concerns; (6) legal, institutional, and economic concerns; (7) citizen evaluation; and (8) conference evaluation. The appendix includes charts of ocean dumping locations; effects of increased land costs of sludge composting; transport and dispersion of sewage sludge in ocean water; factors effecting cadmium accumulation by plants; recommended maximum cumulative sludge metal applications for privately owned cropland; the fate of cadmium, mercury, lead, and other heavy metals; and projections for population, waste water flow design, and raw and treated sludge production in the years 1980 and 2000.