Accessible Buildings for People with Walking and Reaching Limitations

摘要

In response to the American National Standards Institute ANSI A117.1 standard, this study was conducted to obtain more information on making buildings accessible to, and usable by, the physically handicapped. A review of available empirical data related to movement disabilities, limitations of stamina, and difficulties maintaining balance revealed that information is lacking, nonexistent, or conflicting regarding use of kitchens, doorways, ramps, bathrooms, movement in small spaces such as elevators, and reaching under actual conditions of use. To collect information on these situations, disabled and able - bodied people performed simulated tasks of daily living at mockups of actual public and residential environments. Studies were done of anthropometric and speed and distance measurements, wheelchair maneuvering, push - and - pull forces, kitchen work center layouts, ramp slope and length, doorways, elevators, toilet - stall design, bathroom design (including bathtub, shower, and layout), public telephone height, and public mailbox use. For each set of recommendations made, a description of ''marginal populations'' is included based on the performance of persons with specialized problems. The design criteria are, however, intended to encompass the people with a range of abilities who clearly would be benefited by standardized design features. The sample of individuals were selected for the study because of both their disability and their range of ability within that disability category. The subjects used are identified by disability, age, sex, and range of ability within the disability category. For each of the studies, complete statistical data are included in graphs, tables, and photographs. Layout plans and references are also provided.