Operational Colour Vision in the Modern Aviation Environment (la Vision des couleurs dans l'environnement aeronautique operationnel d' aujourd hui)

摘要

In the past, standards and procedures for the examination of color vision were based on red, green and white color signals, together wit the beacons associated with traditional navigational aids, originally developed for maritime or rail transport and subsequently adapted to the aeronautical environment. Many of these systems are still in service today. The role of color in the military environment has been considerably extended, with the whole of the spectrum sometimes being used, rather than just a few limited colors. The visual requirements associated with this proliferation of colors call into question not only operational or ergonomical color choices but also the procedures used to test professional color sense. This can no longer be based solely on red, green and white discrimination or on screening for congenital masculine defective color vision, Color deficiencies of various origins are frequent and affect men and women to an equal extent, They affect hot red and green vision and blue and yellow vision, which can be problematic when using modem day electronic displays. Finally, multiple filters can be placed between the outside world and the operator's eyes so as to protect him from high intensity light, lasers etc. These protective devices can themselves cause modification of color vision, thereby interfering with the task to be carried out. What, then, is the latest data available on color perception. How, and wit what equipment or procedures can we test professional color sense rather than color vision anomalies. These two questions illustrate in part the purpose of the explanations and the scientific and technical bases provided in this document.