Full Optical Spectrum Hyperspectral Scene Simulation

摘要

Full optical spectrum (UV to LWIR) hyperspectral scene simulation provides an accurate, robust, and efficient means for algorithm validation and sensor design trade studies. This paper reviews the development of a first- principles, high fidelity HSI/MSI image simulation capability, dubbed MCScene and demonstrates how the model can be used for sensor design trade studies. MCScene incorporates all optical effects important for solar-illuminated and thermal scenes, including molecular and aerosol scattering, absorption and emission, surface scattering and emission with material-dependent bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs), multiple scattering events, surface adjacency effects, and scattering, emission and shading by clouds, for arbitrary solar illumination and sensor viewing geometries. The world of the simulation is a cube that encloses a user-definable atmosphere containing molecular species, aerosols, and clouds, and a terrain representing the ground. The sensor spatial and spectral resolution, its location, and the viewing angle are also specified. 3D objects can also be inserted into the scene. A particular strength of MCScene is that a simulation can be data driven. Terrain information can be imported from USGS digital elevation maps. Surface reflectance or emissivity/temperature maps can be derived from collected imagery, thus incorporating natural spectral and spatial texturing into a simulation. Basic features of the model will be discussed and illustrated with a full spectrum simulation for a prototype hyperspectral sensor.