Alternative for Perchlorates in Incendiary and Pyrotechnic Formulations for Projectiles

摘要

Pyrotechnic compositions containing potassium perchlorate are used in incendiary ammunition to mark an impact point or to act as ignition sources. Perchlorates inhibit iodide uptake by the thyroid gland and their level in drinking water is controlled. Research has been undertaken to find alternative perchlorate-free pyrotechnic incendiary compositions. The proposed ingredients were screened for their human toxicology, ecological toxicology and environmental mobility (aquatic and terrestrial) prior to the formulation studies. The thermal and pyrotechnic properties of control and novel replacement pyrotechnic compositions were examined. The combustion products predicted through a modeling study were also screened for their toxicity and environmental effects. The performance of selected compositions was assessed through gun firing trials. This combined with the environmental screening studies and an investigation into the aging characteristics of the formulations allowed down selection to a composition containing magnesium/aluminum alloy, sodium nitrate and calcium resinate. This material was found to have acceptable hazard characteristics.