Oceanic Area System Improvement Study (OASIS). Volume VI. North Atlantic, Central East Pacific, and Caribbean Regions Navigation Systems Description

摘要

The state of oceanic navigation technology (along with human factors and Air Traffic Control technology) is a primary determinant of how efficiently aircraft can utilize oceanic airspace while maintaining acceptable levels of safety. This technology encompasses position determining equipment such as inertial navigation systems, Omega, automatic direction finding receivers, and altimeter devices. It also encompasses attitude and airspeed measurement systems. To make the movement of many aircraft in the same airspace manageable, most aircraft in the North Atlantic (NAT), Central East Pacific (CEP), and Caribbean (CAR) are flown on tracks. In the case of the NAT and CEP there are a number of parallel east-west tracks designed to handle the bulk of traffic. In the CAR, many tracks are along routes defined by ground based nondirectional beacons and Very High Frequency Omniranges (VOR). Major oceanic routes are often entered under direct radar surveillance. While aircraft are on their oceanic routes there is only indirect surveillance of the aircraft, accomplished by radio relay of position reports to air traffic control centers. To determine when horizontal separation minima can safely be reduced, providers of air traffic services in the NAT monitor the lateral and longitudinal navigation performance of aircraft.