Determination of the Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms of HMX and Related Wastewater Constituents. Part 2. The Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Acetone, Dimethyl Formamide and Triethylene Glycol to Daphnia Magna (Straus)

摘要

Acute and chronic toxicity tests were performed with three organic solvents commonly used to facilitate the solubilization of lipophilic compounds during aquatic toxicity tests with Daphnia magna (Straus). The 48-hour LC50 values and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were: acetone, 39000(31000-53000) microliters/L; dimethyl formamide, 13000(10000-16000) microliters/L; triethylene glycol, 35000(28000-46000) microliters/L. Maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations determined during the chronic toxicity tests were: acetone, >1400<2800 microliters/L; dimethyl formamide, >1200<2500 microliters/L; triethylene glycol, >5500<11000 microliters/L. Triethylene glycol was the least chronically toxic solvent and is recommended as the primary choice when selecting a carrier solvent during aquatic toxicity tests. All three solvents were sufficiently low in toxicity to suggest that the recommended usage limits (500 microliters/L during acute toxicity tests, 100 microliters/L during long-term toxicity tests) are adequate for the prevention of solvent-related toxicity to D. magna.