From Semantics of Procedures to Instructional Design: Project Review

摘要

In 1984, the U.S. Army Research Institute (ARI) initiated a 3 -year project to study, design, and develop instructional environments to enhance procedural troubleshooting skills for maintaining complex machines. The goal of the project was to identify artificial intelligence technologies that could be used to increase the technical proficiency of maintenance personnel. Initially the effort focused on the role of conceptual and procedural knowledge in troubleshooting and the ways in which procedural skills can be learned as meaningful structures. Various types of computational tools were used to extract, analyze, and represent the structure of diagnostic procedures, field troubleshooting expertise, and the nature of mental models of complex machines and their role in causal reasoning. Simulation and qualitative modelling studies were conducted to determine the role of mental modelling in instruction and to investigate how simulation of machine behavior and repair strategies can provide maintenance personnel with a means for understanding machine components, functions, and troubleshooting procedures. The investigation of instructional strategies for teaching diagnostic skills led to the development of an interactive design and developing system, Instructional Design Environment (IDE). Keywords: Army training, Maintenance training, Fault diagnosis, Systems maintenance, Maintenance technicians. (sdw)