Right Technology, Right Now: An Evaluation Methodology for Rapidly Deployable Information and Communications Technologies in Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief.

摘要

The most significant technological challenge after a major humanitarian disaster is the rapid deployment of information and communications technologies (ICT) for initial responders. Reliance on ICT -- particularly wireless communications -- is essential to a coordinated response, particularly in international disasters due to the large number and diversity of responding organizations. Therefore, choosing the most effective ICT systems for disaster response is a critical factor for ensuring success of the response effort. This research will provide background information related to selecting rapidly deployable ICT resources for disaster responders by exploring U.S. policy, worldwide disaster trends, and U.S. government responses. In addition, the thesis will evaluate ICT challenges that are unique to the post-disaster environment and identify essential characteristics of rapidly deployable ICT systems. Finally, the research will develop a quantifiable methodology based on essential characteristics to evaluate and compare commercially-available ICT systems to identify the systems best suited for the disaster environment. Revelations will contribute to potential policy recommendations and follow-on research that will facilitate determination of the best ICT options, resulting in more effective cooperative utilization of these technologies to improve post- disaster responsiveness.