Elevated Candida albicans Scores Obtained by Microscopic Examination ofSubgingival Plaque from Atypical Periodontal Disease Sites in Immunocompromised States (Especially AIDS)

摘要

Gingivitis and periodontitis have immunologic aspects that can influence or beinfluenced by the pathogenic microbiota present. In immunocompromised states, especially AIDS, an abnormal gingivitis (HIV-G) and periodontitis (HIV-P) are known. Although acute periodontal lesions generally response to conventional therapy, in AIDS patients the atypical lesions may also be present which deteriorate further. Candida albicans(CA) lesions of the oral mucosa (not due to diabetes, cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy or antibiotics) were present in almost all AIDS patients and were helpful in defining this disease. In 1988 it was shown that CA could be cultured from a greater percentage of the atypical than the conventional gingivitis or periodontitis sites in AIDS patients but this required many hours and could not show the relative number of CA present in the different sites. The PATS reaction, a variation of the PAS reaction, was described in 1984 and patented in 1987. It was found especially useful as a positive stain for identifying Gram(-) bacteria, like spirochetes, which are difficult to culture, in subgingival plaque samples. These are the microbes which dramatically increase in periodontial disease.