Toxicity Determination of Explosive Contaminated Soil Leachates to Daphnia magna Using an Adapted Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure.

摘要

An adapted toxicity characteristic leaching procedure was used to determine toxicity of soils to Daphnia magna. Soil samples were collected from U.S. military installations where open burning/open detonation (OB/OD) operations have occurred. The samples were extracted with CO2-saturated distilled, deionized water equal to four times the mass of the soil. The CO2-saturated water was most suitable for daphnia assays because pH adjustments of resultant extracts were seldom necessary. The possibility of toxic effects from materials necessary to adjust the pH, under conventional TCLP, was eliminated. The samples were extracted in darkness for 48 hr at 30 rpm end-over-end. Extracts were filtered through 0.45 um membrane filters, serially diluted, and used in 48 hr acute daphnia toxicity assays. Metal and organic analyses were completed on each sample. Control samples of the same soil type as those at the OB/OD sites were located using USDA/SCS Soil Survey maps and sampled upwind of the OB/OD sites. Extracts from the Control samples proved to be nontoxic to daphnia at 100%. Sample extracts taken from the OB/OD sites were toxic to daphnia, having 48 hr acute EC50s ranging from 1.2-69.4% (vol/vol). Contaminated boils, Munition residues, Daphnia magna, EC50 Toxicity.