University of South Carolina · Columbia, SC 29208 In recent decades, there has been a shift in employment options for engineers in the United States . For engineers with Ph.D.s, the shift has been from academic to non-academic positions. During this time, the focus of doctoral research has also shifted from basic research to applied research.In 2006,70% of doctoral recipients in engineering did not hold positions in academia According to National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Science Resources statistics, approximately 55% of engineering Ph.D.s were employed in the for-profit sector, 30% were in educational institutions, 7% were in government, 4% were in private nonprofit institutions, and 4% were self-employed.
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