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The interplay between social networks and culture: theoretically and among whales and dolphins

机译:社交网络和文化之间的相互作用:理论上以及鲸鱼和海豚之间的相互作用

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摘要

Culture is increasingly being understood as a driver of mammalian phenotypes. Defined as group-specific behaviour transmitted by social learning, culture is shaped by social structure. However, culture can itself affect social structure if individuals preferentially interact with others whose behaviour is similar, or cultural symbols are used to mark groups. Using network formalism, this interplay can be depicted by the coevolution of nodes and edges together with the coevolution of network topology and transmission patterns. We review attempts to model the links between the spread, persistence and diversity of culture and the network topology of non-human societies. We illustrate these processes using cetaceans. The spread of socially learned begging behaviour within a population of bottlenose dolphins followed the topology of the social network, as did the evolution of the song of the humpbackwhale between breeding areas. In three bottlenose dolphin populations, individuals preferentially associated with animals using the same socially learned foraging behaviour. Homogeneous behaviour within the tight, nearly permanent social structures of the large matrilineal whales seems to result from transmission bias, with cultural symbols marking social structures. We recommend the integration of studies of culture and society in species for which social learning is an important determinant of behaviour.
机译:人们越来越多地将文化理解为哺乳动物表型的驱动因素。文化被定义为通过社会学习传播的特定于群体的行为,由社会结构塑造。但是,如果个人优先与行为相似的其他人互动,或者使用文化符号来标记群体,那么文化本身就可以影响社会结构。使用网络形式主义,可以通过节点和边缘的协同进化以及网络拓扑和传输模式的协同进化来描述这种相互作用。我们回顾了对文化的传播,持久性和多样性与非人类社会的网络拓扑之间的联系进行建模的尝试。我们用鲸类动物举例说明了这些过程。宽吻海豚种群中社交习得的乞讨行为的传播遵循了社交网络的拓扑结构,繁殖地区之间的座头鲸之歌的演变也是如此。在三个宽吻海豚种群中,个体优先使用具有相同的社会习得的觅食行为与动物建立联系。大母系鲸的紧密,近乎永久的社会结构内的同质行为似乎是由传播偏差引起的,文化符号标志着社会结构。我们建议将文化和社会研究整合到物种中,对于这些物种而言,社会学习是行为的重要决定因素。

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