The size, nature, and surface state of nanoparticles formed by reduction of Pd(acac)2 with hydrogen in the presence of P4 have been elucidated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The nanoparticles (average diameter of 5.6 nm) consist of Pd6P and palladium nanoclusters (at initial ratio P/Pd = 0.3). Dimethylammonium dihydro- and hydrophosphates are found in the surface layer of the catalyst nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are stabilized by ammonium salts formed via dimethylformamide hydrolysis.
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