Biopharmaceutical Technologies Based on Phospholipids (Chemistry, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Biotechnology, Physiology, Immunology, Pharmacology, and Production Technologies of Medicinal and Diagnostic Preparations, Including Nanosized Preparations)

摘要

The review describes modern concepts of chemical and enzymatic synthesis, isolation from natural sources, and the creation of industrial production technologies phospholipids of various molecular types. Phospholipid structures, biological and physiological activity, pharmacological properties, and the possibility of using them for the liposomal form of the drug preparation are discussed. Biopharmaceutical technologies using phospholipids for the development of a new generation of pharmaceutical formulations are considered. The latest data concerning the application of nanocontainers for loading classic drugs during the design of modern effective drug formulations are reported. These formulations are used to improve results of treatment, to provide the targeted drug delivery into pathological foci, to prolong the action time, and to increase the drug solubility. Among the aforementioned containers, special emphasis should be given to liposomes, nanosomal polymeric formulations based on polybutylcyanoacrylates or on polylactides, and spherical amorphous nanoparticles formed from birch bark triterpenoids. The results of studies of their biological and pharmaceutical properties are reported. The present state of the art is also presented.