Over the past decade there has been an explosion of interest in developing electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterial electrodes because of their distinguished advantages over bulk electrodes, such as enhanced sensitivity, selectivity and rich surface chemistry for immobilization of biomolecules. The most frequently employed nanomaterials for biosensing include carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, gold nanoparticles, conducting polymer nanowires and quantum dot nanoparticles, etc. All the above stated advantages of nanostructured electrochemical sensors are, of course, applicable for efficient detection of biomolecules in biological samples and quantitation of pollutants in the environment.
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