Assessment of potential human health risks posed by benzene in beverages.

摘要

A recent study by the US FDA indicated that some beverages contained benzene at levels above the federal drinking water standard of 5 ppb. In tests conducted by the FDA, Crystal Light Sunrise Classic Orange (CLSCO) was reported to contain benzene levels as high as 87.9 ppb. The purpose of this study was to better characterize benzene concn. in CLSCO and to quantify potential human health risks. 28 samples of CLSCO were obtained from retail stores in Houston, Tex., USA. The mean benzene concn. in 16 oz original and new formulation bottles were 90 and 0.18 ppb, respectively, while 64 oz bottles contained an average of 3.38 ppb. A variety of exposure scenarios were evaluated to determine potential health risks using both deterministic and probabilistic techniques. In the deterministic analyses, upper bound point estimate cancer risks ranged from 5.4E-6 to 8.7E-8, while hazard indices (HI) ranged from 0.28 to 0.00104. Probabilistic analyses were conducted to develop more realistic cancer risk estimates. In these analyses, the 50th and 95th percentile cancer risk estimates were 3.7E-6 and 8.0E-6, and the 50th and 95th percentile hazard indices were 0.19 and 0.42, respectively. It is concluded that all cancer risk estimates and noncancer hazards met the typical health risk benchmarks established by the US regulatory agencies (1E-4 to 1E-6 for cancer and hazard indices <1.0).