Editor-I read with interest the study by Sydor and colleagues examining the responses of trainee anaesthetists when faced with the 'unethical' actions of a senior colleague in a simulated clinical crisis. Being able to challenge colleagues when motivated by the need to avert an adverse event is an important non-technical skill, and study of the factors that influence this ability is interesting and worthwhile. However, I note that the unethical action the authors created at the centre of the simulation was that of giving a blood transfusion to an anaesthetized Jehovah's Witness suffering a severe intraoperative haemorrhage with life-threatening features of cardiac ischaemia.
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