Diagnostic cytology is both a science and an art. The science is in the interpretation, requiring a familiarity with normal anatomy and histology and an understanding of pathology (Fig 1). The art is the collection and preparation of a diagnostic sample (Fig 2). Cytology can provide an abundant amount of information in a matter of minutes. With a strong knowledge of cytology, the veterinarian can obtain a quick sample that will help direct the focus of the diagnostic workup or determine overall caseprognosis, many times while the client is waiting. In addition, the investment needed to add this modality to the practice setting is minimal and utilizes equipment already present in most veterinary hospitals: needles and syringes, cotton swabs, scalpel blades, glass slides, a good differential stain and microscope with oil immersion lens.
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