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Incomplete loss of a conserved trait: function, latitudinal cline, and genetic constraints

机译:保守性状的不完全丧失:功能,纬度和遗传限制

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Retention of nonfunctional traits over evolutionary time is puzzling, because the cost of trait production should drive loss. Indeed, several studies have found nonfunctional traits are rapidly eliminated by selection. However, theory suggests that complex genetic interactions and a lack of genetic variance can constrain evolution, including trait loss. In the mustard family Brassicaceae the conserved floral condition includes four long and two short stamens, but we show that short stamens in the highly self-pollinating mustard Arabidopsis thaliana do not significantly increase selfed seed set, suggesting that the trait has lost most or all of its function after the transition to selfing. We find that short stamen loss is common in native populations. Loss is incomplete and decreases with increasing latitude, a cline unexplained by correlations with flowering time or ovule count (which also vary with latitude). Using recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between plants at the latitudinal extremes of the native range, we found three QTLs affecting short stamen number, with epistasis among them constraining stamen loss. Constraints on stamen loss from both epistasis and low genetic variance may be augmented by high selfing rates, suggesting that these kinds of constraints may be common in inbred species.
机译:非功能性状在进化时间内的保留令人费解,因为性状生产的成本应驱动损失。确实,一些研究发现非功能性状通过选择可以迅速消除。但是,理论表明,复杂的遗传相互作用和缺乏遗传变异会限制进化,包括性状丧失。在芥菜科中,保守的花艺状况包括四个长和两个短的雄蕊,但我们发现高度自花传粉的芥子拟南芥中的短雄蕊不会显着增加自交种子的结实,这表明该性状已丧失大部分或全部过渡到自交后的功能。我们发现短的雄蕊损失在本地人群中很常见。损失是不完全的,并且随着纬度的增加而减少,这种势力无法通过开花时间或胚珠数(也随纬度而变化)的相关性来解释。使用在自然范围的纬度极值处植物之间的杂交衍生的重组自交系,我们发现了三个影响短雄蕊数量的QTL,其中上位性限制了雄蕊的损失。高自交率可能会增加上位性和低遗传变异性对雄蕊损失的限制,这表明这些限制可能在近交物种中很常见。

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