The existing literature treats the criminal - who generates criminal proceeds - and the launderer - who converts the 'dirty' dollars into 'clean' ones - as one and the same. And with good reason: it is clear from the evidence that such 'standard' vertically integrated launderers exists. Because professionals and institutions are also routinely prosecuted for money laundering transgressions, however, it appears that the market for money laundering is also supplied by third party, 'professional' launderers, whose core business lies outside the criminal sector, but who chooses to spend time supplying the market for money laundering.
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