Age Differences in Information Processing Biases in Spider Fear

摘要

This study investigated biases in interpretation (e.g., evaluation of the dangerousness of spiders) and memory (preferential recall of spider stimuli) in spider fearful and non-fearful children (n = 59; ages 9-11) and young adults (n = 61; ages 18-21). Of interest were: (a) whether biases are present in high fear persons, and (b) whether biases can predict subjective distress and avoidance in response to a feared stimulus. Results showed that spider specific interpretation and memory biases are present in high fear adults, but not in high fear children. Only the spider specific interpretation bias significantly predicted anxious responding on its own, and did so in adults only. Findings are discussed in terms of cognitive models of anxiety, as well as developmental and methodological considerations that may have made it difficult to observe biased processing in the child sample.