首页> 外文期刊>Brain: A journal of neurology >Brain activation and hypothalamic functional connectivity during human non-rapid eye movement sleep: an EEG/fMRI study
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Brain activation and hypothalamic functional connectivity during human non-rapid eye movement sleep: an EEG/fMRI study

机译:非快速眼动睡眠中的大脑激活和下丘脑功能连接:一项EEG / fMRI研究

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摘要

Regional differences in sleep EEG dynamics indicate that sleep-related brain activity involves local brain processes with sleep stage specific activity patterns of neuronal populations. Macroscopically, it is not fully understood which cerebral brain regions are involved in the successive discontinuation of wakefulness. We simultaneously used EEG and functional MRI on 9 subjects (6 female: mean = 24.1 years, 3 male: mean = 26.0 years) and analyzed local blood oxygenation level dependent signal changes linked to the transition from wakefulness to different non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages (according to Rechtschaffen and Kales) of the first sleep cycles after 36 h of total sleep deprivation. Several brain regions throughout the cortex, the limbic lobe, the thalamus, the caudate nucleus, as well as midbrain structures, such as the mammillary body/hypothalamus, showed reduced activity during NREM sleep across all sleep stages. Additionally, we found deactivation patterns specific to NREM sleep stages compared with wakefulness suggesting that a synchronized sleeping state can be established only if these regions interact in a well-balanced way. Sleep stage 2, which is usually linked to the loss of self-conscious awareness, is associated with signal decreases comprising thalamic and hypothalamic regions, the cingulate cortex, the right insula and adjacent regions of the temporal lobe, the inferior parietal lobule and the inferior/middle frontal gyri. The hypothalamic region known to be of particular importance in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle shows specific temporally correlated network activity with the cortex while the system is in the sleeping state, but not during wakefulness. We describe a specific pattern of decreased brain activity during sleep and suggest that this pattern must be synchronized for establishing and maintaining sleep.
机译:睡眠脑电图动力学的区域差异表明,与睡眠有关的大脑活动涉及局部脑过程,具有特定的神经元群体睡眠阶段活动模式。在宏观上,还没有完全了解哪些大脑脑区域参与了连续的清醒中断。我们同时对9位受试者(6名女性:平均= 24.1岁,3名男性:平均= 26.0岁)使用了脑电图和功能性MRI,并分析了与从清醒向不同非快速眼动的过渡有关的局部血氧水平依赖性信号变化(完全睡眠剥夺36小时后的第一个睡眠周期的睡眠阶段(根据Rechtschaffen和Kales)。在整个睡眠阶段的NREM睡眠过程中,整个皮质,边缘叶,丘脑,尾状核以及中脑结构(例如乳头/下丘脑)的几个大脑区域均显示出活动减少。此外,我们发现与清醒相比,NREM睡眠阶段特有的失活模式表明只有在这些区域以良好平衡的方式相互作用时才能建立同步睡眠状态。睡眠阶段2通常与自我意识的丧失有关,与信号下降有关,包括丘脑和下丘脑区域,扣带状皮层,右岛和颞叶相邻区域,顶叶下小叶和下壁/中额回。已知在调节睡眠-觉醒周期中特别重要的下丘脑区域在系统处于睡眠状态时表现出与皮层在时间上相关的特定网络活动,而在觉醒期间则不然。我们描述了睡眠期间大脑活动减少的特定模式,并建议必须同步建立和维持睡眠的这种模式。

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