Characteristics of ray traces at the back of biaxial crystals at normal incidence

摘要

Ray vector traces that can be obtained at the back of a biaxial crystal through crystal rotation are calculated numerically by variation of one of the three Euler angles. Negative and positive lossless biaxial crystals are considered at normal incidence. Interesting features of these traces are evidenced by reference to the circular ring that forms at internal conical refraction.