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Raman Spectroscopic Imaging Markers for Fatigue-Related Microdamage in Bovine Bone

机译:拉曼光谱成像标记用于牛骨疲劳相关的微损伤

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Raman spectroscopic markers have been determined for fatigue-related microdamage in bovine bone. Microdamage was induced using a cyclic fatigue loading regime. After loading, the specimens were stained en-bloc with basic fuchsin to facilitate damage visualization and differentiate fatigue-induced damage from cracks generated during subsequent histological sectioning. Bone tissue specimens were examined by light microscopy and hyperspectral near-infrared Raman imaging microscopy. Three regions were defined-tissue with no visible damage, tissue with microcracks, and tissue with diffuse damage. Raman transects, lines of 150-200 Raman spectra, were used for initial tissue surveys. Exploratory factor analysis of the transect Raman spectra has identified spectroscopically distinct chemical microstructures of the bone specimens that correlate with damage. In selected regions of damage, full hyperspectral Raman images were obtained with 1.4-μm spatial resolution. In regions of undamaged tissue, the phosphate v_(1) band is found at 957 cm~(-1), as expected for the carbonated hydroxyapatic bone mineral. However, in regions of visible microdamage, an additional phosphate v_(1) band is observed at 963 cm~(-1) and interpreted as a more stoichiometric, less carbonated mineral species. Raman imaging confirms the qualitative relationship between the Raman spectral signature of bone mineral and the type of microdamage in bovine bone. Two tentative explanations for the presence of less carbonated phosphate in damaged regions are proposed.
机译:已经确定了牛骨中疲劳相关的微损伤的拉曼光谱标记。使用循环疲劳载荷机制可诱发微损伤。加载后,将标本用碱性品红染色进行整体染色,以促进损伤的可视化,并区分疲劳诱发的损伤与随后的组织切片过程中产生的裂纹。通过光学显微镜和高光谱近红外拉曼成像显微镜检查骨组织标本。定义了三个区域:无可见损伤的组织,具有微裂纹的组织和具有弥散性损伤的组织。使用150-200拉曼光谱线的拉曼样线进行初始组织调查。横断面拉曼光谱的探索性因素分析已经确定了与损伤相关的骨骼标本的光谱学上独特的化学微观结构。在选定的损坏区域中,获得了具有1.4μm空间分辨率的完整高光谱拉曼图像。在未受损组织的区域,发现磷酸v_(1)带在957 cm〜(-1)处,这是碳酸化的羟基磷灰石骨矿物质所期望的。但是,在可见的微损伤区域,在963 cm〜(-1)处观察到了另一个磷酸盐v_(1)谱带,并被解释为化学计量更高,碳酸盐含量更低的矿物质。拉曼成像证实了骨矿物质的拉曼光谱特征与牛骨微损伤类型之间的定性关系。提出了两个关于在受损区域中碳酸盐含量较少的磷酸盐的初步解释。

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