Determination of Persistent Environmental Pollutants in Bee Pollen by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Using a Modified QuEChERS Approach

摘要

Background: Bee pollen, a type of floristic pollen collected by honeybees, is extracted at the hive entrance using a pollen trap, and had mixed with saliva and gland secretions. Considering its natural origin, pollen may be contaminated with pollutants due to hidden environmental factors and extensive application of pesticides. Because of their environmental persistence and prevalence in various environmental mediums, POPs can be encountered by forage bees and carried back to hives. The aim of the present study was to develop an analytical method for simultaneous determination of trace levels of 16 PAHs, 14 OCPs and 7 PCBs in bee pollen.