In objectivity we trust? Pluralism, consensus, and ideology in journalism studies

摘要

This article starts from the observation that the concept of objectivity, along with its twin sentries 'balance' and 'impartiality', is generally regarded as a cornerstone of journalism and, consequently, of journalism research. The aim of this article is to show that the analytical ideal of objectivity, instead of enabling, in fact inhibits media pluralism research. The first section focuses on unveiling the ideological nature of this ideal by relating it both socio-historically and analytically to a post-ideological and consensual understanding of society. Since we find this ideal only allowing for the evaluation of journalism within the limits of social consensus (pluralism 'within the box'), the second section seeks for alternative analytical concepts to evaluate journalism about and beyond the limits of social consensus (pluralism 'outside the box'). To illustrate the difference between both approaches, the popular concept of partisan media bias is juxtaposed to the alternative framework of de/politicization.