Impact of dietary omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on brown and brite adipocyte function

摘要

The recent characterization of functional brown adipose tissue in adult humans has opened new perspectives for regulation of energy expenditure with respect to obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, dietary recommendations have taken into account the insufficient dietary intake of omega 3 PUFAs and the concomitant excessive intake of omega 6 PUFA associated with the occurrence of overweight/obesity. We aimed to study whether omega 3 PUFAs could play a role in the recruitment and function of energy-dissipating brown/brite adipocytes. We show that omega 3 PUFA supplementation has a beneficial effect on the thermogenic function of adipocytes. In vivo, a low dietary omega 6:omega 3 ratio improved the thermogenic response of brown and white adipose tissues to beta 3-adrenergic stimulation. This effect was recapitulated in vitro by PUFA treatment of hMADS adipocytes. We pinpointed the omega 6-derived eicosanoid prostaglandin (PG)F2 alpha as the molecular origin because the effects were mimicked with a specific PGF2 alpha receptor agonist. PGF2 alpha level in hMADS adipocytes was reduced in response to omega 3 PUFA supplementation. The recruitment of thermogenic adipocytes is influenced by the local quantity of individual oxylipins, which is controlled by the omega 6:omega 3 ratio of available lipids. In human nutrition, energy homeostasis may thus benefit from the implementation of a more balanced dietary omega 6:omega 3 ratio.