It is well known that the relationship between the image on the eye (visual stimulus) and its real-world source is not just complex, it is indeterminate. The reason is that any stimulus attribute is derived simultaneously from multiple attributes of the world (reflectance and illumination in the case of a stimulus' spectra, or size and distance in the case of visual projected angle, etc.). Consequentially, a given stimulus could represent an infinite number of possible combinations of sources. While this physical fact has historically been underestimated by the machine vision research community, overcoming stimulus ambiguity is the basic challenge that faces any natural or artificial sensory system.
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