BIOfUELS IN EUROPE: the long and winding road

摘要

The main factor behind the rapid growth of world biofuel production can be safely attributed to the high oil prices in the 2000s(see Figure 1).Europe did not escape this trend and,in search of a cheaper alternative to traditional fuels,intensive development of biofuels production began in earnest in the region.This resulted in an increase of Europe's share in global biofuels production from 7.5% in 2000 to 17% in 2018.Feedstock issues According to the Bio-based Industries Consortium(BIC),there were 224 biorefineries being operated in Europe as of 2017,with different types of feed processed and final products,including the following: Sugar/starch-based biorefineries,producing bioethanol and other chemicals: 63.Oil/fat-based biorefineries,producing biodiesel: 64.Oil/fat-based biorefineries,producing oleochemicals: 54.Wood-based biorefineries,excluding those that produce pulp for paper only: 25.Lignocellulose other than wood biorefineries: 5.Biowaste-based biorefineries: 13.