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Telencephalic Flexure and Malformations of the Lateral Cerebral (Sylvian) Fissure

机译:横向脑筋(Sylvian)裂缝的斜斜肌弯曲和畸形

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After sagittal division of the prosencephalon at 4.5 weeks of gestation, the early fetal cerebral hemisphere bends or rotates posteroventrally from seven weeks of gestation. The posterior pole of the telencephalon thus becomes not the occipital but the temporal lobe as the telencephalic flexure forms the operculum and finally the lateral cerebral or Sylvian fissure. The ventral part is infolded to become the insula. The frontal and temporal lips of the Sylvian fissure, as well as the insula, all derive from the ventral margin of the primitive telencephalon, hence may be influenced by genetic mutations with a ventrodorsal gradient of expression. The telencephalic flexure also contributes to a shift of the hippocampus from a dorsal to a ventral position, the early rostral pole of the hippocampus becoming caudal and dorsal becoming ventral. The occipital horn is the most recent recess of the lateral ventricle, hence most vulnerable to anatomic variations that affect the calcarine fissure. Many major malformations include lack of telencephalic flexure (holoprosencephaly, extreme micrencephaly) or dysplastic Sylvian fissure (lissencephalies, hemimegalencephaly, schizencephaly). Although fissures and sulci are genetically programmed, mechanical forces of growth and volume expansion are proposed to be mainly extrinsic (including ventricles) for fissures and intrinsic for sulci. In fetal hydrocephalus, the telencephalic flexure is less affected because ventricular dilatation occurs later in gestation. Flexures can be detected prenatally by ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging and should be described neuropathologically in cerebral malformations.
机译:在妊娠4.5周的妊娠4.5周的检出量后,早期胎儿脑半球弯曲或从妊娠的七周后预先旋转。因此,视线骨的后极不是枕骨,而是颞叶,因为斜视弯曲形成术,最后是横向脑腔或西尔维亚裂缝。腹侧部分被折交以成为insula。 Sylvian裂缝的正面和时间嘴唇以及inslula,所有人都来自原始斜拉素的腹侧缘,因此可能受到表达腹膜梯度的基因突变的影响。眼光弯曲也有助于海马的偏移从背部到腹侧位置,海马早期的振动杆成为尾部和背部的腹侧。枕骨喇叭是侧脑室最近的凹槽,因此大多数易于影响钙氨酸裂缝的解剖学变化。许多主要的畸形包括缺乏斜视弯曲(全华畸形,极端微度疫苗)或发育性Sylvian裂缝(Lissencephalies,Hemimegalencephaly,Schizencephaly)。虽然裂缝和苏尔菌在遗传上编程,但提出了生长和体积膨胀的机械力,主要是用于裂隙和舒尔菌的内在的外在(包括心室)。在胎儿脑积水中,由于在妊娠期以后发生心室扩张,所以斜视弯曲较小。可以通过超声波和胎儿磁共振成像在原产地检测屈光,并且应该在脑畸形中神经病理学描述。

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