New Potato Cultivars and Hybrids Recommended for Cultivation in the Middle Taiga Zone of Northeastern Europe

摘要

A comparative field test of two potato cultivars (Zyryanets and Pamyati Polevoi) and two hybrids (1603-7 and 1657-7) was carried out in 2014—2017 in the Republic of Komi. The experimental field was characterized by highly-improved sod-podzol light-loam soil. The content of humus was 3.0—4.1%; the content of P205, and K20 was 500—595 and 30-170 mg/kg of soil, respectively, and pHKC1 was 5.7—6.6. For all 4 years, the average yield of potatoes harvested 60—65 days after planting was 5.1 — 11.4 t/ha, while the average yield of standard cultivars (Udacha and Nevsky) made 7.6—9.9 t/ha. The maximum yield (11.4 t/ha) was registered for the hybrid 1657-7 and it exceeded the maximum yield of the standard cultivars Udacha and Nevsky by 50.0 and 15.1%, respectively. For cvs. Zyryanets and Pamyati Polevoi, the yield reached 10.2—8.9 t/ha. The average potato yield harvested 90—95 days after planting was 26.2—38.0 t/ha. The maximum yield (38.0 t/ha) was registered for the hybrid 1657-7; a high yield wasalso observed for cvs. Zyryanets (33.9 t/ha) and Pamyati Polevoi (32.0 t/ha). A high content of solid matter was observed in tubers of cvs. Zyryanets (21.7%) and Pamyati Polevoi (23.4%), while tubers of standard cultivars (Udacha and Nevsky) were characterized by 20.8 and 21.3% of solid matter, respectively. The starch content in tubers was 15.5% (cv. Zyryanets), 15.6% (cv. Pamyati Polevoi), and 14.5% (cvs. Udacha and Nevsky). The vitamin C content in tubers was the highest in the hybrid 1657 (12.5%);for cvs. Zyryanets and Pamyati Polevoi, it reached 10.0 and 10.8%, respectively, while it was 9.5 and 14.0%, respectively, for standard cultivars Udacha and Nevsky.