Metformin, the Aspirin of the 21st Century: Its Role in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Prevention of Preeclampsia and Cancer, and the Promotion of Longevity

摘要

Metformin (dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride) was initially introduced as an antidiabetic agent; however, in recent years, it has shown a wide array of beneficial effects ranging from cancer therapy to extending longevity. As a gestational antidiabetic agent, metformin has compared favorably to insulin by showing a significantly reduced frequency of neonatal hyperglycemia, large-for-gestational-age neonates, and admissions to a neonatal intensive care unit compared with those treated with insulin. Metformin is also known to have therapeutic properties against polycystic ovary syndrome, congestive heart failure, chronic liver and kidney disease, multiple sclerosis, renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Recent studies also reveal metformin to be effective in treating and preventing preeclampsia.