Animal welfare and microbiological safety of poultry meat: Impact of different at-farm animal welfare levels on at-slaughterhouse Campylobacter and Salmonella contamination

摘要

Stress factors and poor animal welfare can increase the susceptibility of food-producing animals to diseases, posing microbial risks to consumers. Animal welfare levels, objectively measured with the application of the Welfare Quality (R), protocol, were assessed in thirteen broiler flocks, including organic ones, to evaluate the presence of statistically significant differences in relation to Campylobacter and Salmonella faecal shedding and consequent microbiological contamination of broiler carcases at slaughterhouse. Each flock underwent animal welfare evaluation the day before slaughtering, followed by Campylobacter and Salmonella detection in faeces (caecal content) and neck skin at slaughterhouse. A total of 1040 samples (520 caecal contents; 520 neck skins) were included in the study. Campylobacter enumeration and Salmonella serotyping were also carried out. The highest welfare scores were reported in organic flocks. Significantly lower Campylobacter concentrations both in caecal content and neck skins (P < 0.05) were reported in organic batches, compared to high welfare conventional batches. Low-welfare batches showed higher prevalence of Salmonella both in neck skins and caecal content, with a statistically significant difference compared to high-welfare batches (43.6% versus 2.9% in neck skins; 19.3% versus 0% in caecal content; P < 0.00001). Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Bredeney were the most common serotypes, while Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were the detected species.