Do Consumer Health Spending and Income per Capita Influence Mortality Rate? Study in Five ASEAN Countries

摘要

This research aims to investigate the influence of consumer health spending and income per capita on mortality rate in five ASEAN countries. It also aims to observe more detail which type of consumer health actually influences mortality rate. We used annual data from 2002 to 2016. Estimationusing fixed effect model with five years time-lag leads is the best model. The result shows that consumer health spending has negative influence on mortality, while income per capita provides positive influence. Furthermore, types of consumer health products that influence mortality rate includeallergy care, weight management and wellbeing, vitamins and dietary supplements.