Early Occurrence Cases of Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Picture in Two Major Tertiary Care Hospitals in India

摘要

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is one of the most common endocrinediseases in childhood. However, very limited information is available on this disease.Objectives: This study was done to assess risk factors, clinical features and management practices inT1D patients.Methods: A review of records of 39 T1D cases admitted over the past five years in two hospitals wasdone.Results: The mean age at diagnosis among males (n=21) was 19.9±10.3 years and among females(n=18) was 12.3±7.5 years (t=2.614, p=0.013). Mean age at diagnosis of patients who were underweight(n=7) was 9.9±4.4 years, compared to 17.8±10.1 years among patients (n=32) with normal oroverweight status (t=2.028, p=0.05). The family history of T1D was present among 7(18.0%) cases.The most common symptoms among the cases were fatigue 22(56.4%), polyuria 19(48.7%) andpolydipsia 18(46.1%). The most common sign was weight loss 27(69.2%). The most common complicationswere diabetic nephropathy and skin infections seen each among 10(25.6%) cases. Mean durationof T1D was significantly more among patients with diabetic nephropathy (p<0.001), compared tothose without. Mean HbA1c value among patients was 12.9±2.7. It was significantly more among patientswith Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) (p=0.012). A short-acting insulin was used in the managementof T1D among 59.5% cases. The outcome of the management showed a loss of one patient whodeveloped DKA.Conclusion: Routine growth monitoring and blood glucose analysis is required among T1D cases. Thepresent study provides a database of risk factors, clinical features, and management practices amongpatients with T1D in this region and addresses several issues important to both patients and their careproviders.