Opportunities and risks for sustainable biomass export from the south‐eastern United States to Europe

摘要

Abstract >Import of wood pellets to the EU from the southeastern United States has increased almost ten‐fold over the past seven years, driven largely by mandates under the Renewable Energy Directive. While the displacement of fossil fuels with biomass can offer significant energy diversity and climate benefits, these must be balanced against the potential detriment from unsustainable extraction of biomass resources. This study projects the scale of the sustainable biomass resource base in the US southeast through 2030 under various scenarios of industry development and domestic market dynamics. We characterise this resource base at the county level, disaggregating it by material type and spatially constraining it to ensure biodiversity conservation. Our analysis shows that there could be as much as 70 million green metric tons of sustainable export potential from the US Southeast in 2030. However, we also show the extent to which sustainable sourcing criteria applied only to EU biomass energy imports could create leakage across biomass markets, erasing gains from any sustainability mandate. This leakage risk was fairly consistent across our study scenarios and time periods, ranging from 50 to over 63 million green tons of biomass per year. Meaningful biodiversity protections can only be achieved if sustainability criteria for biomass import to the EU are combined with more comprehensive support for sustainable sourcing across biomass industries in exporting regions. ? 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“Main”XML：Lang =“en”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> <P>从美国东南部的木质颗粒进口到欧盟过去七年增加了几乎十倍，在很大程度上在可再生能源指令下的任务范围内推动。虽然具有生物质的化石燃料的位移可以提供显着的能量多样性和气候效益，但这些必须与不可持续的生物量资源的潜在损害相平衡。本研究将在2030年通过2030年在各种行业发展和国内市场动态的情况下将美国东南部可持续生物量资源基础的规模项目项目。我们在县级的这种资源基础上表征，通过材料类型分解它并在空间上限制它以确保生物多样性保护。我们的分析表明，2030年美国东南部的可持续出口潜力可能有7000万美元的可持续出口潜力。但是，我们还表明，仅适用于欧盟生物质能源进口的可持续采购标准可能会产生泄漏市场，从任何可持续性授权中删除收益。在我们的学习情景和时间段中，这种泄漏风险相当一致，每年50到超过6300多百万个绿色的生物质。如果对欧盟的生物量进口的可持续性标准相结合，只能实现有意义的生物多样性保护，因为在出口地区的生物量产业中更全面的支持，可以更加全面地支持。还2017年化学工业协会和约翰瓦利＆amp; SONS，LTD </ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-16091/'>《Biofuels, bioproducts & biorefining: Biofpr》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2019年第2期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共1页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/180.html" title="生物工程学（生物技术）">生物工程学（生物技术）;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=bioelectricity&option=203" rel="nofollow">bioelectricity;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=sustainable biomass&option=203" rel="nofollow">sustainable biomass;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=trade policy&option=203" rel="nofollow">trade policy;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=renewable energy&option=203" rel="nofollow">renewable energy;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=forest residue&option=203" rel="nofollow">forest residue;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：生物电;可持续生物量;贸易政策;可再生能源;森林渣; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div 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The purpose of this engineering project is to safeguard regions of south-eastern Australia now, and in the future, from drought and to supply water as climate change impacts. The EDEN3 will supply de-salinated water from the NSW South Coast and pump it up near the Brown Mountain area into the Murrumbidgee River. This water will flow to Lake Burrinjuck and then be piped into Lake George and into the Shoalhaven River. It is designed to provide a secure water supply to the Eden-Monaro area and provide power.</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  AU2020100956A4 </span> <span> . 2020-08-06</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：SMA-Eden BM3（EDEN3）是雪山水电计划的扩展。该工程项目的目的是保护澳大利亚东南部的地区现在以及将来免受气候变化影响的干旱和供水。 EDEN3将从新南威尔士州南海岸供应淡化水，并将其泵入布朗山区附近，进入穆伦比吉河。这些水将流向Burrinjuck湖，然后通过管道输送到George湖和Shoalhaven河。它旨在为Eden-Monaro地区提供安全的水并提供电力。 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>5. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130412020330.html">CARRYING OUT A SUPER-NETWORK FOR ELECTRIC AND DATA INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL AND WESTERN EUROPE</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  RO131357A0 </span> <span> . 2016-08-30</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: 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