Neurobiology is intimately related to animal behaviour at several levels. Mechanistically, the nervous system is the substrate that produces behaviour in response to external and internal stimuli. The structures and physiological properties of neurons and circuits not only determine immediate behavioural responses but also serve to both constrain and enable the evolution of different kinds of signals, behaviours and community structures. These issues have been explored in this article using acoustically communicating orthopteran insects as examples.
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