Convergence theory postulates that development follows 'the logic' of measurable technological innovations, such that all societies, no matter how dissimilar initially, converge in structure, process, and attitude as they adopt 'superior' (Western) techniques. Employing a systems theory perspective, I provide evidence of convergence in natural systems (ecosystems, species, and organisms), social systems (cultures and languages), and technical systems (infrastructures and patterns of human settlement) as a direct result of human agency. However, following from Ashby's law of requisite variety, rather than producing beneficial effects, these convergences are having severely deleterious, even species-threatening results. Originating in Western countries, these convergences are continuing. The paper concludes that diversity, not convergence, is a major key to our continuing evolution on Earth. [References: 73]
展开▼
