Advances in the Synthesis of 7-Deazapurine - Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine -2'-Deoxyribonucleosides Including D- and L-Enantiomers,Fluoro Derivatives and 2',3'-Dideoxyribonucleosides

摘要

This review reports on the synthesis of 7-deazapurine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides,including beta-D- and beta-L-enantiomers,fluoro derivatives,and 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosides.It covers the various aspects of convergent nucleoside synthesis.Stereochemically defined alpha-D- and alpha-L-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(p-toluoyl)-erythro-pentofuranosyl chlorides as well as 3,5-di-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl bromide were employed in nucleobase anion glycosylation.This glycosylation reaction is regioselective for the pyrrole nitrogen and stereoselective for beta-nucleoside formation.7-Deazapurine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosides were synthesized by the same protocol as 2'-deoxyribonucleosides using 2,3-dideoxy-5-O-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]-D-glycero-pentofuranosyl chloride.7-Deazapurine 2',3'-dideoxyribo-nucleosides were also obtained from 2'-deoxy- or 3'-deoxyribonucleosides by Barton deoxygenation or by elimination of sugar hydroxyl groups.The review discusses the scope and limitations of the glycosylation reaction performed with pyr-rolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as well as on the regioselective halogenation reactions followed by the Sonogashira cross coupling.It reports on the use of 7-deazapurine nucleoside triphosphates in the Sanger dideoxy DNA-sequencing and the application of 7-deazapurine nucleosides as antiviral or anticancer agents.